Fool Me Once Shame on You Fool Me Twice Not Gonna Get Fooled Again

Fifth letter of the alphabet of the Latin alphabet

Due east
E e
(Meet below)
Usage
Writing arrangement	Latin script
Blazon	Alphabetic
Language of origin	Latin language
Phonetic usage	[eastward] [e̞] [ɛ] [ə] [ɪ~i] [ɘ] [ʲe] [h] (English variations)
Unicode codepoint	U+0045, U+0065
Alphabetical position	5
History
Evolution	Ε ε ϵ 𐌄 E e
Time period	c. 700 BC to nowadays
Descendants	♯ Ə Æ Œ € ℮ Ǝ ∈ ℯ ℇ ℰ ℥ &
Sisters	Е Э Є Ё Ә Һ ה ه ܗ Ɛ Ե ե Է է Ը ը ࠄ 𐎅 Ⲉ
Variations	(Encounter below)
Other
Other letters commonly used with	ee
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, encounter IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

E, or east, is the 5th letter and the second vowel letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is east (pronounced ); plural ees,^[1] Es or E'southward.^[two] Information technology is the most ordinarily used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. ^{[3] [4] [5] [vi] [seven]}

History

Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ	Proto-Sinaitic	Proto-Canaanite hillul	Phoenician He	Etruscan E	Greek Epsilon	Latin/ Cyrillic Due east

The Latin alphabetic character 'E' differs trivial from its source, the Greek letter epsilon, 'Ε'. This in turn comes from the Semitic letter hê, which has been suggested to have started equally a praying or calling human figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was most probable based on a similar Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a different pronunciation. In Semitic, the alphabetic character represented /h/ (and /e/ in foreign words); in Greek, hê became the alphabetic character epsilon, used to stand for /e/. The various forms of the Old Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.

Use in writing systems

Pronunciation of the proper noun of the letter ⟨e⟩ in European languages

English

Although Middle English spelling used ⟨east⟩ to represent long and brusque /due east/, the Smashing Vowel Shift changed long /eː/ (as in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while brusk /ɛ/ (every bit in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the letter is silent, generally at the end of words like queue.

Other languages

In the orthography of many languages it represents either [eastward], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such equally a nasalized version) of these sounds, often with diacritics (every bit: ⟨e ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to signal contrasts. Less commonly, every bit in French, German, or Saanich, ⟨due east⟩ represents a mid-central vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨e⟩ are common to indicate either diphthongs or monophthongs, such as ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English language, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨eu⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in High german.

Other systems

The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨e⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid front end unrounded vowel.

Well-nigh common letter

'East' is the most common (or highest-frequency) letter in the English language alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and data pinch. In the story "The Gold-Bug" past Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random graphic symbol code by remembering that the well-nigh used letter of the alphabet in English is E. This makes it a hard and popular letter to use when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright'due south Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at least part of Wright's narrative issues were caused by language limitations imposed by the lack of East."^[8] Both Georges Perec's novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English translation past Gilbert Adair omit 'e' and are considered better works.^[9]

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

• East with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ^[10]
• ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet^[11]
• Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
• Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
• The umlaut diacritic ¨ used in a higher place a vowel letter in German and other languages to indicate a fronted or front vowel (this sign originated as a superscript eastward)
• Phonetic alphabet symbols related to Due east (the International Phonetic Alphabet simply uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems):
  • Ɛ ɛ : Latin letter epsilon / open up e, which represents an open-mid forepart unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ᶓ : Epsilon / open due east with retroflex claw^[10]
  • Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter reversed epsilon / open eastward, which represents an open-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ɝ : Latin small-scale letter of the alphabet reversed epsilon / open up due east with claw, which represents a rhotacized open-mid central vowel in the IPA
  • ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open up e with retroflex hook^[10]
  • ᶟ : Modifier letter small reversed epsilon / open e^[10]
  • ɞ : Latin modest letter closed reversed open e, which represents an open-mid cardinal rounded vowel in IPA (shown as ʚ on the 1993 IPA nautical chart)
  • Ə ə : Latin letter schwa, which represents a mid central vowel in the IPA
  • Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter turned e, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
  • ɘ : Latin letter of the alphabet reversed e, which represents a shut-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
• The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of e and epsilon / open eastward:^[12]
  • U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN LETTER Pocket-size CAPITAL E
  • U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN Minor LETTER TURNED OPEN Due east
  • U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER LETTER Uppercase Due east
  • U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet Uppercase REVERSED East
  • U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet SMALL E
  • U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Open up East
  • U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER Alphabetic character SMALL TURNED Open E
  • U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN LETTER SMALL Majuscule TURNED E ^[thirteen]
• _e : Subscript small e is used in Indo-European studies^[14]
• Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to E:^[15]
  • U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN Small Letter of the alphabet BLACKLETTER E
  • U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN SMALL Alphabetic character BARRED Eastward
  • U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN Pocket-sized LETTER E WITH FLOURISH

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

• 𐤄 : Semitic letter He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
  • Ε ε : Greek letter Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
    • Е е : Cyrillic alphabetic character Ye
    • Є є : Ukrainian Ye
    • Э э : Cyrillic letter of the alphabet E
    • Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic letter of the alphabet Ei
    • 𐌄 : Quondam Italic E, which is the antecedent of modern Latin E
      • ᛖ : Runic letter Ehwaz, which is possibly a descendant of Old Italic E
    • 𐌴 : Gothic letter of the alphabet eyz

Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations

• € : Euro sign.
• ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for sale within the Eu).
• e : the symbol for the elementary charge (the electric accuse carried by a single proton)
• ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. It is read "in that location exists ... such that".
• ∈ : the symbol for set membership in gear up theory.
• 𝑒 : the base of the natural logarithm.

Code points

Character data

Preview	Due east		eastward
Unicode name	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Due east		LATIN Pocket-sized LETTER E
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	69	U+0045	101	U+0065
UTF-viii	69	45	101	65
Numeric character reference	E	E	e	e
EBCDIC family unit	197	C5	133	85
ASCII one	69	45	101	65

ⁱ Too for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'e' is signed by extending the index finger of the right hand touching the tip of index on the left manus, with all fingers of left manus open up.

Use as a number

In the hexadecimal (base of operations 16) numbering arrangement, E is a number that corresponds to the number 14 in decimal (base x) counting.

References

1. ^ "E" a letter Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English language Language Entire (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter of the alphabet; the plural of the letter itself is rendered East's, Due eastdue south, eastward's, or esouthward.
2. ^ "E". Oxford Dictionary of English (3rd ed.). Oxford Academy Press. 2010. ISBN9780199571123. noun (plural Es or Eastward'southward)
3. ^ Kelk, Brian. "Letter frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
4. ^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Messages in Full general English Plain text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Central College. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
5. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Spanish". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
6. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
7. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in German". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
8. ^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Discussion Play. New York: St. Martin'south Printing (1996): 3
9. ^ Eckler (1996): 3. Perec's novel "was and so well written that at least some reviewers never realized the beingness of a alphabetic character constraint."
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
11. ^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
12. ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-twenty). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
13. ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding 3 Boosted Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
14. ^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode vi Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-eleven. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
15. ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/eleven-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .

External links

hollowaycolestook.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E